106-46-7

  • Product Name1,4-Dichlorobenzene
  • Molecular FormulaC6H4Cl2
  • Molecular Weight147.004
  • Purity99%
  • Appearancecolourless or white crystal
Inquiry

Product Details

Quick Details

  • CasNo: 106-46-7
  • Molecular Formula: C6H4Cl2
  • Appearance: colourless or white crystal
  • Purity: 99%

Factory Sells 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, Buy Quality 106-46-7 with Cheapest Price

  • Molecular Formula:C6H4Cl2
  • Molecular Weight:147.004
  • Appearance/Colour:colourless or white crystal 
  • Vapor Pressure:1.64mmHg at 25°C 
  • Melting Point:52-54 °C(lit.) 
  • Refractive Index:1.548 
  • Boiling Point:174.1 °C at 760 mmHg 
  • Flash Point:60.7 °C 
  • PSA:0.00000 
  • Density:1.297 g/cm3 
  • LogP:2.99340 
  • IDLH: Ca [150 ppm]See: 106467  

1,4-Dichlorobenzene(Cas 106-46-7) Usage

Description

1,4-Dichlorobenzene (also known as p-dichlorobenzene) is a chlorinated aromatic compound with a distinctive aromatic odor that is very strong at high concentrations. It is a white or colorless crystal at room temperature (Akron 2009, HSDB 2009). 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is practically insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform, carbon disulfide, benzene, and ether; and very soluble in ethanol and acetone. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is noncorrosive, volatile, and combustible, and it is flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. When it is heated to decomposition, toxic gases and vapors (such as hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide) are released (HSDB 2009). It is stable at room temperature under normal handling and storage in closed containers (Akron 2009).1,4-Dichlorobenzene is the primary ingredient in mothballs and deodorant cakes placed in toilet bowls, urinals, and animal holding facilities. People may also use it to control lice and mites in and around birdcages. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is used as an insecticide on fruit and is used to control mold and mildew growth on tobacco seeds, leather, and certain fabrics. It is also approved for controlling wax moths in empty, stored beehives.

Chemical Properties

There are three isomeric forms of dichlorobenzene (DCB): m-DCB is a flammable liquid and vapor.

Physical properties

Colorless to white crystals with a penetrating, sweet, mothball or almond-like odor. At 40 °C, the average odor threshold concentration and the lowest concentration at which an odor was detected were 18 and 4.5 μg/L, respectively. Similarly, at 25 °C, the average taste threshold concentration and the lowest concentration at which a taste was detected were 32 and 11 μg/L, respectively (Young et al., 1996). A detection odor threshold concentration of 73 μg/m3 (121 ppbv) was reported by Punter (1983).

Uses

1,4-Dichlorobenzene is used to make mothballs and solid deodorant blocks for garbage cans and restrooms. It is also used to control odors in places where animals are held. It has been used as an insecticide on fruit, and to control mold and mildew on tobacco seeds, leather and some fabrics. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is sent into the air by plants that make or use it and a small amount is released to soil and water. This chemical can also be detected in indoor air where products containing 1,4-Dichlorobenzene are used.

Application

1,4-Dichlorobenzene is used as a fumigantand as an insecticide. For domestic use against clothes moths; as space deodorant in room deodorizers, toilet bowl blocks and diaper pail deodorizers. Intermediate in production of plastics for electronic components.

Definition

ChEBI: 1,4-dichlorobenzene is a dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. It has a role as an insecticide.

Preparation

1,4-Dichlorobenzene was first produced commercially in the United States in 1915 (IARC 1982). It is produced by reacting liquid benzene with gaseous chlorine in the presence of a catalyst at moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is used mainly as a fumigant for the control of moths, molds, and mildews, and as a space deodorant for toilets and refuse containers.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Chemistry Letters, 8, p. 939, 1979The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 48, p. 250, 1983 DOI: 10.1021/jo00150a020Tetrahedron Letters, 23, p. 371, 1982 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)86833-1

General Description

A white colored liquid with the odor of moth balls. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Flash point below 200°F. Used as a moth repellent, to make other chemicals, as a fumigant, and for many other uses.

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

1,4-Dichlorobenzene is incompatible with oxidizing agents. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is also incompatible with aluminum and its alloys. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene liquefies when mixed with camphor, phenol and salol. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. .

Health Hazard

Toxic symptoms are headache, weakness,dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss ofweight, and injury to liver and kidney. Thesesymptoms occur from repeated inhalationof high concentrations of vapors or fromingestion. The vapors are an irritant to theeyes, throat, and skin. Chronic exposure maycause jaundice and cirrhosis. The oral LD50value in mice is in the range 3000 mg/kg.The fatal oral dose in humans is estimated tobe 40–50 g. Carcinogenic studies on animalshave not produced adequate evidence of anycancer-causing action.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Vapors are irritating. Toxic chlorine, hydrogen chloride, and phosgene gases may be generated in fires.

Trade name

DowTHERM?; EVOLA; PARACIDE?; PARA CRYSTALS?; PARADI?; PARADOW?; PARAMOTH?; PARANUGGETS?; PARAZENE?; PERSIA-PERAZOL?; SANTOCHLOR?; Mixed isomers: DILATIN DBI?; MOTTENSCHUTZMITTEL EVAU P?; MOTT-EX?; TOTAMOTT?

Safety Profile

There is limited evidence that 1,4-dichlorobenzene can damage a developing fetus. Exposure can damage the lungs, liver, kidneys, and blood cells, causing anemia; it can also cause swelling of the eyes, hands, and feet. It can damage the nervous system, causing weakness, trembling, and numbness in the arms and legs. It may cause a skin allergy, which when developed can cause itching and a skin rash. Higher levels of the chemical in air, such as the levels that are sometimes associated with industrial exposure, can cause headaches, nausea, clumsiness, slurred speech, and dizziness. Levels that would result in death would be associated with an odor so intense that it would be very unpleasant, if not intolerable, and would serve as a danger warning. In industrial situations, workers exposed to 1,4-dichlorobenzene at high levels are usually directed to wear respirators. Workers involved in the production of the chemical may be exposed to concentrations significantly higher than those encountered by the general population. High exposure levels may result from some consumer products of moth repellents and room deodorizers. Approximately 95% of the environmental release of 1,4-dichlorobenzene occurs during its use, rather than during its manufacture or processing.

Potential Exposure

The major uses of o-DCB are as a process solvent in the manufacturing of toluene diisocyanate and as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyestuffs, herbicides, and degreasers. p-Dichlorbenzene is used primarily as a moth repellant, a mildew control agent; space deodorant; and in insecticides, which accounts for 90% of the total production of this isomer. Information is not available concerning the production and use of m-DCB. However, it may occur as a contaminant of o-or p-DCB formulations. Both o-and p-isomers are produced almost entirely as by-products during the production of monochlorobenzene

Carcinogenicity

1,4-Dichlorobenzene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Metabolic pathway

1,4-Dichlorobenzene undergoes degradation by the Xanthobacter flavus 14p1 isolated from river sludge by selective enrichment with 1,4-dichlorobenzene, resulting in the degradation products 3,6-dichloro-cis- 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene and 3,6- dichlorocatechol. 2,5-Dichloromuconic acid and 2- chloromaleylacetic acid, as well as the decarboxylation product 2-chloroacetoacrylic acid, are identified after enzymatic conversion of 3,6-dichlorocatechol.

Shipping

m-DCB: UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. United States DOT Regulated Marine Pollutant. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solis, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical NameRequired. UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required

Purification Methods

o-Dichlorobenzene is a common impurity. The p-isomer has been purified by steam distillation, crystallisation from EtOH or boiling MeOH, air-dried and dried in the dark under vacuum. It has also been purified by zone refining. [Beilstein 5 IV 658.]

Incompatibilities

For o-DCB and m-DCB: acid fumes, chlorides, strong oxidizers; hot aluminum, or aluminum alloys. For p-DCB: Strong oxidizers; although, incompatibilities for this chemical may also include other materials listed for o-DCB.

Waste Disposal

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal

EXPOSURE ROUTES

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

FIRST AID

(See procedures) Eye:Irrigate immediately Skin:Soap wash Breathing:Respiratory support Swallow:Medical attention immediately

 

106-46-7 Relevant articles

Facile Hydrodehalogenation with Hydrogen and Pd/C Catalyst under Multiphase Conditions

Marques, Carlos Alberto,Selva, Maurizio,Tundo, Pietro

, p. 5256 - 5260 (1993)

A multiphase system consisting of a hydr...

The Photochemistry of Polyhaloarenes. 5. Fragmentation Pathways in Polychlorobenzene Radical Anions

Freeman, Peter K.,Srinivasa, Ramanujan,Campbell, J.-A.,Deinzer, Max L.

, p. 5531 - 5536 (1986)

Negative chemical ionization mass spectr...

Photolyses of Polychloro- and Polybromobenzenes. Novel Isomerization in Solvents Resisting against Hydrogen Abstraction

Hirota, Minoru,Nakada, Masahiro

, p. 2926 - 2933 (1992)

Polychloro- and polybromobenzenes were p...

Zeolite ZSM-5 and related materials as catalyst in benzene chlorination

Huizinga,Scholten,Wortel,van Bekkum

, p. 3809 - 3812 (1980)

ZSM-5 type zeolites and related high sil...

Photo-Rearrangement of Polychlorobenzenes meta-Migration of Chlorine Atom

Morisaki, Kenji,Miura, Yasuki,Abe, Kazuhisa,Hirota, Minoru,Nakada, Masahiro

, p. 1589 - 1592 (1987)

Several polychlorobenzenes were irradiat...

Chlorination of Benzene with L-Zeolite Catalyst in the Presence of Oxygen and Various Solvents

Nakamura, Tadashi,Shinoda, Kiyonori,Yasuda, Kensei

, p. 1881 - 1882 (1992)

Benzene was chlorinated by using L type ...

Dechlorination of Polychlorobenzenes over Triiron Tetraoxide in the Presence of Hydrogen Donating Solvents

Hao, Cui Xiang,Nakada, Masahiro,Yamaguchi, Tatsuaki,Fukushi, Sachio,Hirota, Minoru

, p. 1707 - 1710 (1985)

Dechlorination of polychlorobenzenes ove...

A Desirable Route to Heterodimers of 1,4-Dihalobenzenes and Anthracene and Their Photoproperties and Thermal Properties

Kimura, Masaru,Okamoto, Hideki,Kura, Hisatoshi,Okazaki, Ayumi,Nagayasu, Eiji,et al.

, p. 3908 - 3911 (1988)

Electronic oxidative bisdecarboxylation ...

Dechlorination of lindane, dieldrin, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene, and PVC in subcritical water

Kubatova, Alena,Lagadec, Arnaud J. M.,Hawthorne, Steven B.

, p. 1337 - 1343 (2002)

Pure water has been used to dechlorinate...

Nickel Complexes as Soluble Catalysts for Reductive Dehalogenation of Aromatic Halides

Stiles Martin

, p. 5381 - 5385 (1994)

Nickel(II) complexes 1 and 2 are soluble...

-

Mathes

, p. 591 (1939)

-

Thermolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in a flow-through packed reactor

Kut'in,Gubanova,Zorin,Zanozina,Markova,Suprunova,Bykova

, p. 1518 - 1522 (2004)

Thermolysis of hexachlorocyclohexane in ...

Transchlorination of o-Dichlorobenzene and Benzene into Chlorobenzene

Shinoda, Kiyonori

, p. 2051 - 2052 (1987)

The transchlorination of o-dichlorobenze...

-

Wibaut,van de Lande,Wallagh

, p. 65,67, 68 (1937)

-

Photodechlorination of polychlorobenzene congeners in surfactant micelle solutions

Wei Chu,Jafvert

, p. 2415 - 2422 (1994)

Photochemical reactions of polychloroben...

Palladium on ultradisperse diamond and activated carbon: The relation between structure and activity in hydrodechlorination

Kachevskii,Golubina,Lokteva,Lunin

, p. 866 - 873 (2007)

Ultradisperse diamond was studied as a p...

-

Tamai,Othsuka

, p. 1996,1997, 1998, 1999 (1973)

-

Catalytic isomerization of dihalobenzenes C6H3X2R in the presence of high-silica zeolites

Lishchiner, I. I.,Plakhotnik, V. A.,Kuzmicheva, A. N.,Mortikov, E. R.

, p. 1809 - 1811 (1994)

Catalytic isomerization of dichloro- and...

-

Prud'homme,Rabaut

, p. 223 (1892)

-

-

Harvey,Norman

, p. 3604 (1961)

-

Photochemistry of Polyhaloarenes. 9. Characterization of the Radical Anion Intermediate in the Photodehalogenation of Polyhalobenzenes

Freeman, P. K.,Ramnath, N.

, p. 3646 - 3651 (1991)

The product-determining intermediate in ...

Electroreduction of polychlorobenzenes using either lead or copper electrodes

Lin, Shaw-Tao,Chao, Richard Yung-Ho,Lin, Sun-Che,Lin, Shu-Fan

, p. 539 - 544 (2002)

Polychlorobenzenes can be reduced electr...

Novel catalysts for dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other chlorinated aromatics

Fletcher, Andrew E. D.,Moss, James,Cowley, Andrew R.,O'Hare, Dermot

, p. 2971 - 2973 (2007)

Diiron complexes of fluorene and fluoren...

KINETIC STUDY ON THE OXYCHLORINATION OF BENZENE.

Blanco,Avila,Melo

, p. 909 - 913 (1983)

Gas-phase benzene oxychlorination was ca...

Rate of Reaction of Phenyl Radicals with Oxygen in Solution and in the Gas Phase

Sommeling, Paul M.,Mulder, Peter,Louw, Robert,Avila, David V.,Lusztyk, Janusz,Ingold, K. U.

, p. 8361 - 8364 (1993)

The rate constant for the title reaction...

Reactions of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on model fly ash: Oxidation to CO and CO2, condensation to PCDD/F and conversion into related compounds

Hell,Stieglitz,Altwicker,Addink,Will

, p. 697 - 702 (2001)

Thermal treatment of 2,4,6-trichlorophen...

-

Orloff,Kolka

, p. 5484,5487 (1954)

-

Simultaneous Dehalogenation of Polychloroarenes and Chlorination of HSiEt3 Catalyzed by Complexes of the Groups 8 and 9

Diaz, Julia,Esteruelas, Miguel A.,Herrero, Juana,Moralejo, Luisa,Olivan, Montserrat

, p. 187 - 192 (2000)

The catalytic activity of the complexes ...

Electrochemical reductive dehalogenation of chlorobenzenes

Plekhanov, V. P.,Tsyganok, A. I.,Kulikov, S. M.

, p. 1091 - 1095 (1995)

Electrochemical dechlorination of 1,2,3,...

Photochemical Rearrangements of o-and m-Dichlorobenzene Cation to p-Dichlorobenzene Cation in Solid Argon

Friedman, Ronald S.,Andrews, Lester

, p. 822 - 826 (1985)

Matrix photoionization experiments with ...

-

Aronheim

, p. 1400 (1875)

-

-

Miller,Walling

, p. 4187,4188, 4190 (1957)

-

MFI-type zeolite nanosheets for gas-phase aromatics chlorination: A strategy to overcome mass transfer limitations

Boltz, Marilyne,Losch, Pit,Louis, Benoit,Rioland, Guillaume,Tzanis, Lydie,Daou, T. Jean

, p. 27242 - 27249 (2014)

The continuous gas-solid (environmentall...

Highly selective photochemical and thermal chlorination of benzene by Cl2 in NaZSM-5

Kirkby, Scott J.,Frei, Heinz

, p. 7106 - 7111 (1998)

Loading of zeolite NaZSM-5 with benzene ...

Highly active polymer anchored palladium catalyst for the hydrodehalogenation of organic halides under mild conditions

Zhang, Yiping,Liao, Shijian,Xu, Yun

, p. 4599 - 4602 (1994)

Palladium anchored on poly(N-vinyl-2-pyr...

-

Blum,Scharf

, p. 1895 (1970)

-

-

Voegtli et al.

, p. 1627,1633 (1954)

-

-

Mouneyrat,Pouret

, p. 1026 (1898)

-

Kinetic study of the hydrogenolysis of polychlorobenzenes over a Pd/C catalyst in an alkaline aqueous-n-hexane system

Anusiewicz, Iwona,Janiak, Tadeusz,Okal, Janina

, p. 797 - 801 (2010)

The kinetics of the hydrogenolysis of ch...

A Simple Direct Procedure for the Regiospecific Preparation of Chloro Aromatic Compounds

Bay, Elliott,Timony, Peter E.,Leone-Bay, Andrea

, p. 2858 - 2859 (1988)

-

-

Hodgson,Walker

, p. 530 (1935)

-

A new advanced method for heterogeneous catalysed dechlorination of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzenes in hydrocarbon solvent

Rodríguez, J. Gonzalo,Lafuente, Antonio

, p. 9645 - 9647 (2002)

A new advanced method for dechlorination...

-

Blum

, p. 1605 (1966)

-

Facile Synthesis of a Fully Fused, Three-Dimensional ?-Conjugated Archimedean Cage with Magnetically Shielded Cavity

Han, Yi,Jiao, Tianyu,Li, Zhengtao,Ni, Yong,Wu, Jishan,Wu, Shaofei,Zhang, Qiuyu,Zhu, Jun

supporting information, p. 14314 - 14321 (2021/09/13)

The synthesis of molecular cages consist...

The graphite-catalyzed: ipso -functionalization of arylboronic acids in an aqueous medium: metal-free access to phenols, anilines, nitroarenes, and haloarenes

Badgoti, Ranveer Singh,Dandia, Anshu,Parewa, Vijay,Rathore, Kuldeep S.,Saini, Pratibha,Sharma, Ruchi

, p. 18040 - 18049 (2021/05/29)

An efficient, metal-free, and sustainabl...

Amplification of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA) Reactivity for Chlorination of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Catalytic Organic Dye Activation

Rogers, David A.,Bensalah, Adam T.,Espinosa, Alvaro Tomas,Hoerr, John L.,Refai, Fares H.,Pitzel, Amy K.,Alvarado, Juan J.,Lamar, Angus A.

supporting information, p. 4229 - 4233 (2019/06/17)

Heteroarenes and arenes that contain ele...

Selective Hydrogenations and Dechlorinations in Water Mediated by Anionic Surfactant-Stabilized Pd Nanoparticles

La Sorella, Giorgio,Sperni, Laura,Canton, Patrizia,Coletti, Lisa,Fabris, Fabrizio,Strukul, Giorgio,Scarso, Alessandro

supporting information, p. 7438 - 7446 (2018/05/29)

We report a facile, inexpensive, and gre...

106-46-7 Process route

2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic acid
88-42-6

2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic acid

m-xylene
108-38-3,104809-90-7

m-xylene

para-dichlorobenzene
106-46-7,84348-21-0

para-dichlorobenzene

4,4'-sulfonylbis(1,3-dimethylbenzene)
5184-75-8

4,4'-sulfonylbis(1,3-dimethylbenzene)

Conditions
Conditions Yield
at 160 ℃;
 
4-chloro-aniline
106-47-8

4-chloro-aniline

4-nitro-aniline
100-01-6,104810-17-5

4-nitro-aniline

para-dichlorobenzene
106-46-7,84348-21-0

para-dichlorobenzene

4-chlorobenzonitrile
100-00-5

4-chlorobenzonitrile

Conditions
Conditions Yield
With hydrogenchloride; copper(l) chloride; copper dichloride; sodium nitrite; Product distribution; multistep and competition reaction; determination of relative rates; further reag.;;
 

106-46-7 Upstream products

  • 106-39-8
    106-39-8

    bromochlorobenzene

  • 95-82-9
    95-82-9

    2,5 dichloroaniline

  • 17333-85-6
    17333-85-6

    4-chlorophenyldiazonium salt

  • 98-67-9
    98-67-9

    p-hydoroxybenzenesulfonic acid

106-46-7 Downstream products

  • 855152-60-2
    855152-60-2

    4-(2,5-dichloro-phenyl)-butyric acid

  • 825-93-4
    825-93-4

    4-chlorophenyl-methyl-dichlorosilane

  • 830-45-5
    830-45-5

    Si,Si,Si',Si'-tetrachloro-Si,Si'-dimethyl-Si,Si'-p-phenylene-bis-silane

  • 953-21-9
    953-21-9

    N-phenylcinnamaldimine

Relevant Products